Partager

What Was Gentlemen`s Agreement

Gentlemen`s agreements were a widespread discriminatory tactic, which would have been more common than restrictive alliances to maintain the homogeneity of upper-class neighborhoods and suburbs in the United States. [17] The nature of these agreements made it extremely difficult to prove or follow them, and they were long after the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Shelley/. Kraemer and Barrows v. Jackson. [17] A source indicates that the gentlemen`s agreements are « probably still in place » but that their use has declined sharply. [17] This, in some cases, led to gentlemen`s agreements in which Wall Street financiers, such as J.P. Morgan and his « House of Morgan », would meet with the bureau to obtain prior authorization for mergers and acquisitions. One such example was the gentlemen`s agreement in which regulators and the president ignored the Sherman Antitrust Act, which allowed united States Steel Corp. to become the world`s first multi-billion-dollar company. A gentlemen`s agreement, or gentleman`s agreement, is an informal and legally non-binding agreement between two or more parties. It is usually oral, but it can be written or simply understood as part of a tacit agreement by convention or by mutually beneficial label.

The essence of a gentlemen`s agreement is that it depends on the honour of the parties for its achievement, rather than being enforceable in one way or another. It differs from a legal agreement or a contract. A report by the U.S. House of Representatives detailing its United States Steel Corporation investigation stated that in the 1890s there were two general types of associations or bulk consolidations between steel and ferrous interests in which different groups owned ownership, as well as a high degree of independence: the « pool » and the « Gentleman`s Agreement. » [5] The latter type lacked a formal organisation to regulate production or prices or forfeiture rules in the event of infringement. [5] The effectiveness of the agreement relied on members to meet informal commitments. [5] Under English contract law, an agreement, in order to be binding, must be aimed at establishing legal relations; but in commercial transactions (i.e. agreements that do not exist between family members or friends), there is a legal presumption of « intent to establish legal relations ». In the 1925 case of Rose and Frank Co. v. JR Crompton – Bros Ltd., however, the House of Lords found that the phrase  » « This regulation is not …